A. định hướng cần nắm
I. KHÁI NIỆM
1. Câu trần thuật là câu thuật lại tiếng nói trực tiếp. Bạn đang xem: Câu trực tiếp gián tiếp nâng cao
+ lời nói trực tiếp (direct speech): là biểu đạt lại đúng chính xác điều ai này đã nói (còn call là trích dẫn). Vẻ ngoài của câu khẩu ca trực tiếp sẽ được đặt trong dấu noặc kép.
Ví dụ: She said ” He is so handsome”. Theo đó, câu "He is so handsome" là tiếng nói trực tiếp xuất xắc câu trực tiếp
+ lời nói gián tiếp – câu tường thuật (indirect speech): Là trần thuật lại lời đang nói của một tín đồ khác dưới dạng loại gián tiếp, không cần sử dụng dấu ngoặc kép.
Ví dụ: Lylys said, ”I want to lớn go home” -> Lylys said she wanted to go home là câu loại gián tiếp (indirect speech)
Khi bọn họ sử dụng câu gián tiếp, chúng ta thường nói đến quá khứ, bởi vì vậy dạng từ bỏ của cồn từ trong câu cũng rất được chia ngơi nghỉ quá khứ.
2. Các loại câu tường thuật thịnh hành trong tiếng Anh
2.1. Câu tường thuật làm việc dạng câu kể
S + say(s)/said + (that) + S + V |
+ says/say to lớn + O -> tells/tell + O
+ said lớn + O ->told+O
Eg: He said lớn me”I haven’t finished my work” -> He told me he hadn’t finished his work.
2.2. Câu tường thuật ngơi nghỉ dạng câu hỏi
a. Yes/No questions:
S+asked/wanted lớn know/wondered+if/wether+S+V |
Ex: ”Are you angry?”he asked -> He asked if/whether I was angry.
b. Wh-questions:
S + asked(+O)/wanted to know/wondered + Wh-words + S + V. |
* says/say to + O -> asks/ask + O
* said to + O -> asked + O.
Ex: ”What are you talking about?”said the teacher. -> The teacher asked us what we were talking about.
II. CÁCH CHUYỂN CÂU TRỰC TIẾP quý phái CÂU GIÁN TIẾP
Khi đưa từ một tiếng nói trực tiếp sang gián tiếp khá đơn giản, bọn họ chỉ buộc phải ghép văn bản tường thuật làm việc phía sau lời nói và hạ hễ từ của chính nó xuống một cấp cho quá khứ, đại trường đoản cú được đổi khác cho phù hợp. Tuy nhiên, cần chú ý một số sự việc sau:
+ Nếu động từ tường thuật (reporting verb) phân tách ở các thì hiện tại bọn họ giữ nguyên thì (tense) của hễ từ chính, đại từ chỉ định và các trạng từ chỉ vị trí chốn cũng giống như trạng từ chỉ thời gian trong câu thẳng khi gửi sang gián tiếp.Ví dụ:- He says: “I’m going khổng lồ Ha Noi next week.”
⇒ He says he is going khổng lồ Ha Noi next week.
+ Nếu đụng từ tường thuật (reporting verb) của câu ở thì quá khứ thì đề nghị lùi hễ từ bao gồm về thừa khứ một bậc khi đưa từ tiếng nói trực tiếp (direct speech) sang khẩu ca gián tiếp (indirect / reported speech) theo phép tắc sau:
* biến đổi thì của rượu cồn từ và cồn từ khuyết thiếu hụt theo bảng sau:
Câu trực tiếp | Câu loại gián tiếp |
Present simple | Past simple |
Present continuous | Past continuous |
Present perfect | Past perfect |
Past simple | Past perfect |
Present perfect continuous | Past perfect continuous |
Past continuous | Past perfect continuous |
will | would |
can | could |
must/ have to | had to |
may | might |
* biến đổi đại trường đoản cú và những từ hạn định theo bảng sau:
Câu trực tiếp | Câu con gián tiếp | |
Chủ ngữ | I | he/ she |
You | I/ We/ They | |
We | We/ They | |
Tân ngữ | me | him/ her |
you | me/ us/ them | |
us | us/ them | |
Đại trường đoản cú sở hữu | my | his/ her |
your | my/ our/ their | |
our | our/ their | |
Đại từ bỏ sở hữu | mine | his/ hers |
yours | mine/ ours/ theirs | |
ours | ours/ theirs | |
Đại trường đoản cú chỉ định | this | the/ that |
these | the/ those |
* thay đổi trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian và xứ sở theo bảng sau:
Câu trực tiếp | Câu con gián tiếp |
here | there |
now | then/ at that moment |
today/ tonight | that day/ that night |
tomorrow | the next day |
next week | the following week |
yesterday | the previous daythe day before |
last week | the week before |
ago | before |
NOTE: Khi hoạt động từ các bạn chỉ cần nhớ lấy đụng từ gần chủ ngữ nhất giảm sút 1 cột tức là:
+ Động từ sinh hoạt cột 1 thì giảm sút cột 2, ( lưu giữ thêm ed khi không phải là đông trường đoản cú bất quy tắc)
+ Động tự cột 2 thì sút thành cột 3
+ Động từ cột 3 thêm had phía trước
Tuy nhiên, cần để ý một số ngôi trường hợp sau đây không giảm thì động từ:
+ nói đến chân lý, sự thật.
+ Thì quá khứ trả thành.
+ vào câu có năm xác định.
Các câu có kết cấu sau: if only, as if, as though, wish, would rather, it’s high time, IF các loại 2, 3 .
B. Bài tập
I. Xong xuôi các câu trong bài câu tường thuật.
1. "Where is my umbrella?" she asked.
She asked............................................. ......................
2. "How are you?" Martin asked us.
Martin asked us................................................ ...................
3. He asked, "Do I have to bởi it?"
He asked............................................. ......................
4. "Where have you been?" the mother asked her daughter.
The mother asked her daughter.......................................... .........................
5. "Which dress vị you lượt thích best?" she asked her boyfriend.
She asked her boyfriend......................................... ..........................
6. "What are they doing?" she asked.
She wanted to know.............................................. .....................
7. "Are you going khổng lồ the cinema?" he asked me.
He wanted lớn know.............................................. .....................
8. The teacher asked, "Who speaks English?"
The teacher wanted to lớn know.............................................. .....................
9. "How bởi you know that?" she asked me.
She asked me................................................ ...................
10. "Has Caron talked to Kevin?" my friend asked me.
My friend asked me................................................ ...................
Đáp án
1. She asked where her umbrella was.
2. Martin asked us how we were.
3. He asked if he had to do it.
4. The mother asked her daughter where she had been.
5. She asked her boyfriend which dress he liked best.
6. She wanted khổng lồ know what they were doing.
7. He wanted lớn know if I was going to the cinema.
8. The teacher wanted khổng lồ know who spoke English.
9. She asked me how I knew that.
10. My friend asked me if Caron had talked lớn Kevin.
II. Viết lại những câu sau thực hiện cách nói gián tiếp.
1. “Open the door,” he said to them.
- He told them...................................................................
2. “Where are you going?” he asked her.
- He asked her where.........................................................
3. “Which way did they go?” he asked.
- He asked... ......................................................................
4. “Bring it back if it doesn’t fit”, I said khổng lồ her.
- I told... ............................................................................
5. “Don’t try to open it now,” she said lớn us.
- She told... ........................................................................
6. “Is it going khổng lồ be a fine day today?” I asked her.
- I asked her... ....................................................................
7. “He’s not at home”, she said.
- She said that... .................................................................
8. “Is the bus station far away?” the girl asked.
- The girl wanted lớn know... ..............................................
9. “Don’t stay out late, Ann” Tom said.
- Tom told Ann... ...............................................................
10. “Please let me borrow your car,” he said to lớn her.
- He asked... ........................................................................
11. “Jean, have you seen my gloves?” Thomas asked.
- Thomas asked Jean.....
12. Don’t leave the window open, Mary”, I said.
- I told Mary.... ...................................................................
13. “I’ll have a cup of tea with you,” she said.
She said that...
14. “I’ll pay him if I can” she said.
- She said that... ...................................................................
15. “What are you going to vày next summer?” she asked.
- She asked us.... ...................................................................
16. “I’ll phone you tomorrow,” he told Jack.
- He told Jack that.... .............................................................
17. “Can I sit beside you, Jean?” Tom asked.
- Tom asked Jean.... ..............................................................
18. “I want a camera for my birthday,” he said.
- He said that.... ...................................................................
19. “Don’t keep the door locked,” he said to lớn us.
- He told us.... ...................................................................
20. “How long are you going to lớn stay?” I asked him.
- I asked him how long....
21. “Are you going by train?” she asked me.
- She wanted to know.... ..................................................
22. “Don’t use too much hot water,” she said to lớn us.
- She asked us.... ..............................................................
23. “Will you come khổng lồ my party?” she said to lớn me.
- She invited me.... ............................................................
24. “Don’t vì it again,” she said khổng lồ them.
She told them..................................................................
25. “ Did Mr Brown send the potatoes khổng lồ you?” she asked.
- She asked.......................................................................
26. “Don’t get your shoes dirty, boys,” she said.
- She told..........................................................................
27. “What vì you want for lunch today, Peter?” Mary asked.
- Mary asked.......................................................................
28. “Can I borrow your typewriter, Janet?” asked Peter.
- Peter asked if .......................................................................
29. “Why didn’t I get a computer before?” thought the office manager.
- The office manager wondered............................................................
30. “You had better not lend him any more money, Elizabeth,’’ said John.
- John advised Elizabeth........................................................................
31. “You stole my best cassette, Amanda!” said John.
- John accused.......................................................................................
32. “ You damaged my bicycle, John!” said Mary.
- Mary accused......................................................................................
33. “When was your little boy born?” said the nurse to lớn Mrs. Bingley.
- The nurse asked Mrs. Bingley...............................................................
34. “You should take more exercise, Mr. Robert,” the doctor said.
- The doctor advised................................................................................
35. “Will I find a job?”, Tim said khổng lồ himself.
- Tim wondered.......................................................................................
36. “I’m sorry I gave you the wrong number,” said Paul to Susan.
- Paul apologized.....................................................................................
37. “When is the first day of your holiday, Peter?” Martha asked.
- Martha asked Peter when.....................................................................
38. “Can I have a new bicycle?” said Anna to lớn her mother.
- Anna asked............................................................................................
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39.. “Don’t leave the house until I get back, William”, his mother said.
- William’s mother told..........................................................................
40. “Don’t bite your nails,” said Mrs. Rogers khổng lồ her son.
- Mrs. Rogers told....... .............................................................................
41. “I’ve seen the film three times, Mary” said George.
- George said............................................................................................
42. “I’m sorry, Angela,” said Martin, “I’m afraid I’ve damaged your car.
- Martin apologized..................................................................................
43. “Have you had enough for lunch?” the landlady asked us.
- The landlady asked................................................................................
44. “ John, please don’t tell anyone my new address,” said Mary.
- Mary asked............................................................................................
45. “Breakfast will not be served after 9. 30” said the notice.
- The notice said that..............................................................................
46. “Where is the best place khổng lồ buy souvenirs?”
- I asked..................................................................................................
47. “Don’t forget to bring your passport with you tomorrow”
- She reminded me ................................................................................
48. “Do not write on the wall,” said the teacher lớn the boys.
- The teacher told the boys………………………………………..........
49. “How many jobs have you had since 2000?” the interviewer asked Mr. Simpson.
- The interviewer asked ...........................................................................
50. “Why didn’t you report the incident lớn the police?” the officer asked the frightened witness.
- The officer wanted lớn know...................................................................
Đáp án
1. He told them to xuất hiện the door.
2. He asked her where she was going.
3. He asked me which way they had gone.
4. I told her to lớn bring it back if it didn’t fit.
5. She told us not lớn try to xuất hiện it then.
6. I asked her whether/ if it was going to lớn be a fine day that day.
7. She said that he was not at home.
8. The girl wanted to lớn know whether/ if the bus station was far away.
9. Tom told Ann not lớn stay out late.
10. He asked her lớn let him borrow her car.
11. Thomas asked Jean whether/if she had seen his gloves.
12. I told Mary not khổng lồ leave the window open.
13. She said that she would have a cup of tea with me.
14. She said that she would pay him if she could.
15. She asked us what we were going to bởi the following summer.
16. He told Jack that he would phone him the following day.
17. Tom asked Jean whether/if he could sit beside her.
18. He said that he wanted a camera for his birthday.
19. He told us not khổng lồ keep the door locked.
20. I asked him how long he was going to stay.
21. She wanted to know whether I was going by train.
22. She asked us not to lớn use too much hot water.
23. She invited me lớn come khổng lồ her party.
24. She told them not to do it again.
25. She asked whether/ if Mr. Brown sent the potatoes khổng lồ me.
26. She told the boys not to lớn get their shoes dirty.
27. Mary asked what Peter wanted for lunch that day.
28. Peter asked Janet whether/ if he could borrow her typewriter.
29. The office manager wondered why he hadn’t got a computer before.
30. John advised Elizabeth not lớn lend him any more money.
31. John accused Amanda of stealing his best cassette.
32. Mary accused John of damaging her bicycle.
33. The nurse asked Mrs. Bingley where her little boy had been born.
34. The doctor advised Mr. Robert lớn take more exercise.
35. Tim wondered whether/ if he would find a job.
36. Paul apologized to Susan for giving her the wrong number.
37. Martha asked Peter when the first day of his holiday was.
38. Anna asked her mother whether/ if she could have a new bicycle.
39. William’s mother told him not lớn leave the house until she got back.
40. Mrs. Rogers told her son not to lớn bite his nails.
41. George said to Mary that he had seen the film three times.
42. Martin apologized khổng lồ Angela for having damaged her car.
43. The landlady asked us whether/if we had had enough for lunch.
44. Mary asked John not lớn tell anyone her new address.
45. The notice said that breakfast would not be served after 9.30.
46. I asked where the best place khổng lồ buy souvenirs was.
47. She reminded me to lớn bring my passport with me the following day.
48. The teacher told the boys not khổng lồ write on the wall.
49. The interviewer asked Mr. Simpson how many jobs he had had since 2000.
50. The officer wanted to lớn know why the frightened witness hadn’t reported the incident lớn the police.
III. Hoàn thành các câu trong bài bác câu tường thuật. để ý sự biến đổi của đại trường đoản cú và các thì.
1. "What"s the time?" he asked.
→ He wanted lớn know .................................................. .
2. "When will we meet again?" she asked me.
→ She asked me .................................................. .
3. "Are you crazy?" she asked him.
→ She asked him .................................................. .
4. "Where did they live?" he asked.
→ He wanted lớn know .................................................. .
5. "Will you be at the party?" he asked her.
→ He asked her .................................................. .
6. "Can you meet me at the station?" she asked me.
→ She asked me .................................................. .
7. "Who knows the answer?" the teacher asked.
→ The teacher wanted to know .................................................. .
8. "Why don"t you help me?" she asked him.
→ She wanted to know .................................................. .
9. "Did you see that car?" he asked me.
→ He asked me .................................................. .
10. "Have you tidied up your room?" the mother asked the twins.
→ The mother asked the twins .................................................. .
Đáp án
1. He wanted to lớn know what the time was.
2. She asked me when we would meet again.
3. She asked him if he was crazy.
4. He wanted to lớn know where they had lived.
5. He asked her if she would be at the party.
6. She asked me if I could meet her at the station.
7. The teacher wanted to know who knew the answer.
8. She wanted khổng lồ know why he didn"t help her.
9. He asked me if I had seen that car.
10. The mother asked the twins if they had tidied up their room.
IV. Bài xích tập câu tường thuật requets (positive)
1. "Stop talking, Joe," the teacher said.
→ The teacher told Joe .................................................. .
2. "Be patient," she said to him.
→ She told him .................................................. .
3. "Go lớn your room," her father said to lớn her.
→ Her father told her .................................................. .
4. "Hurry up," she said to us.
→ She told us .................................................. .
5. "Give me the key," he told her.
→ He asked her .................................................. .
6. "Play it again, Sam," she said.
→ She asked Sam .................................................. .
7. "Sit down, Caron" he said.
→ He asked Caron .................................................. .
8. "Fill in the form, Sir," the receptionist said.
→ The receptionist asked the guest .................................................. .